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Chymosin 101

How Does Chymosin Work?

Short answer

Chymosin works in two phases: first it cleaves kappa-casein on the surface of the casein micelles, then those destabilised micelles aggregate in the presence of calcium to form the gel you cut as curd.

By Bixa Products, Editorial teamUpdated February 4, 20265 min read

Phase one: the enzymatic phase

Nothing visible happens at first. Chymosin is working through the milk, cleaving kappa-casein micelle by micelle. The milk still looks like milk.

Phase two: aggregation

Once enough of the stabilising layer is gone, micelles start linking. This is where you see thickening, then flocculation, then a gel that spans the vat.

What speeds each phase

ConditionEffect
Higher enzyme doseShortens the enzymatic phase
Temperature within the style's rangeSupports both phases; cold milk slows aggregation sharply
Lower pHGenerally speeds coagulation
Available calciumSupports aggregation and curd firmness

About the author

Bixa ProductsEditorial team

Educational content written by the Bixa Products team, a family-owned cheesemaking ingredient company specializing in rennet and chymosin. Technical guidance is written conservatively: where a value depends on your milk, process or product, we say so instead of guessing for you.

  • Family-owned cheesemaking ingredient company
  • 30+ years in the Latin American cheesemaking market
  • Specialists in rennet, chymosin and milk coagulation

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